Technique Īdvantages of ultrasound imaging of abdominal structures are that the procedure can be performed quickly, bed-side, involves no exposure to X-rays (which makes it useful in pregnant patients, for example) and is inexpensive compared to other often-used techniques such as computed tomography (CT scan) of the abdomen. The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound. Ultrasonography of the kidneys is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney-related diseases. Tumor characterization using the ultrasound method will be based on the following elements: consistency (solid, liquid, mixed), echogenicity, structure appearance (homogeneous or heterogeneous), delineation from adjacent liver parenchyma (capsular, imprecise), elasticity, posterior acoustic enhancement effect, the relation with neighboring organs or structures (displacement, invasion), vasculature (presence and characteristics on Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Often, other diagnostic procedures, especially interventional ones, are no longer necessary. Tumor characterization is a complex process based on a sum of criteria leading towards tumor nature definition. The specification of these data is important for staging liver tumors and prognosis. Tumor detection is based on the performance of the method and should include morphometric information (three axes dimensions, volume) and topographic information (number, location specifying liver segment and lobe/lobes). Ultrasonography of liver tumors involves two stages: detection and characterization. In patients with deranged liver function tests, ultrasound may show increased liver size ( hepatomegaly), increased reflectiveness (which might, for example, indicate cholestasis), gallbladder or bile duct diseases, or a tumor in the liver. Ultrasonography of the liver with some standard measurements. Ultrasonography can be used to guide procedures such as treatment for kidney stones with Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, needle biopsies or paracentesis (needle drainage of free fluid inside the abdominal cavity). Ultrasound imaging is useful for detecting stones, for example kidney stones or gallstones, because they create a clearly visible ultrasound shadow behind the stone. However, because spleen size varies greatly, ultrasonography is not a valid technique for assessing spleen enlargement and should not be used in typical circumstances or to make routine decisions about fitness for playing sports. In cases of infectious mononucleosis, splenomegaly is a common symptom, and health care providers may consider using abdominal ultrasonography to get insight into a person's condition. For this purpose, the standard aortic measurement for abdominal aortic aneurysm is between the outer margins of the aortic wall. It can be used on the abdominal aorta to detect or exclude abdominal aortic aneurysm. Standard measurement of the abdominal aorta. Ultrasound can be used for additional anatomical information for patients with an abnormal kidney function or pancreatic enzymes ( pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase). Ultrasound can also be used if there is suspicion of enlargement of one or more organs, such as used in screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm, investigation for splenomegaly or urinary retention. Ībdominal ultrasound is commonly used in the setting of abdominal pain or an acute abdomen (sudden and/or severe abdominal pain syndrome in which surgical intervention might be necessary), in which it can diagnose appendicitis or cholecystitis. It is commonly used to examine the uterus and fetus during pregnancy this is called obstetric ultrasonography. If Doppler ultrasonography is added, the blood flow inside blood vessels can be evaluated as well (for example, to look for renal artery stenosis). Abdominal ultrasound can be used to diagnose abnormalities in various internal organs, such as the kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and abdominal aorta.
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